NAD+不仅是生命所必需的，而且是长寿所必需的
NAD+ is required not only for life but for a long life. In this issue, Camacho-Pereira et al. (2016) implicate CD38 in the decline of NAD+ during aging, with implications for combating age-related diseases
NAD+不仅是生命所必需的，而且是长寿所必需的。在这篇文章中，Camacho-Pereira等人(2016)认为CD38与衰老过程中NAD+的下降有关，并对对抗衰老相关疾病具有意义。
——David A. Sinclair （哈佛大学医学院Paul F. Glenn衰老生物学机理中心）
Schultz M B, Sinclair D A. Why NAD+ declines during aging: it’s destroyed[J]. Cell metabolism, 2016, 23(6): 965-966.
NAD+不仅是生命所必需的，而且是长寿所必需的。在这篇文章中，Camacho-Pereira等人(2016)认为CD38与衰老过程中NAD+的下降有关，并对对抗衰老相关疾病具有意义。
——David A. Sinclair （哈佛大学医学院Paul F. Glenn衰老生物学机理中心）
Schultz M B, Sinclair D A. Why NAD+ declines during aging: it’s destroyed[J]. Cell metabolism, 2016, 23(6): 965-966.
NAD+代谢改变与衰老和许多病理条件有关
Altered NAD+ metabolism is associated with aging and many pathological conditions, such as metabolic diseases and disorders of the muscular and neuronal systems. Conversely, increased NAD+ levels have shown to be beneficial in a broad spectrum of diseases.
NAD+代谢改变与衰老和许多病理条件有关，如代谢疾病和肌肉和神经系统紊乱。相反，增加NAD+水平对许多疾病都是有益的。
——Elena Katsyuba & Johan Auwerx （瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院）
Katsyuba E, Auwerx J. Modulating NAD+ metabolism, from bench to bedside[J]. The EMBO journal, 2017, 36(18): 2670-2683.
NAD+代谢改变与衰老和许多病理条件有关，如代谢疾病和肌肉和神经系统紊乱。相反，增加NAD+水平对许多疾病都是有益的。
——Elena Katsyuba & Johan Auwerx （瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院）
Katsyuba E, Auwerx J. Modulating NAD+ metabolism, from bench to bedside[J]. The EMBO journal, 2017, 36(18): 2670-2683.
通过给药提升NAD+的化合物能年轻化干细胞并延长小鼠寿命
The loss of stem cells, through cell dysfunction or senescence, is thought to contribute to biological aging. Recently, Hongbo Zhang and colleagues have shown that activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, a retrograde stress response, through administration with an NAD+-raising compound, can rejuvenate stem cells and extend lifespan in mice.
通过细胞功能障碍或衰老，干细胞的丢失被认为是导致生物老化的原因。最近，Zhang Hongbo和同事发现通过给药提升NAD+的化合物，激活线粒体非折叠蛋白反应，一种抗逆应激反应，能年轻化干细胞并延长小鼠寿命。
——David A. Sinclair （哈佛大学医学院Paul F. Glenn衰老生物学机理中心）
Wu L E, Sinclair D A. Restoring stem cells—all you need is NAD+[J]. Cell research, 2016, 26(9): 971-972.
通过细胞功能障碍或衰老，干细胞的丢失被认为是导致生物老化的原因。最近，Zhang Hongbo和同事发现通过给药提升NAD+的化合物，激活线粒体非折叠蛋白反应，一种抗逆应激反应，能年轻化干细胞并延长小鼠寿命。
——David A. Sinclair （哈佛大学医学院Paul F. Glenn衰老生物学机理中心）
Wu L E, Sinclair D A. Restoring stem cells—all you need is NAD+[J]. Cell research, 2016, 26(9): 971-972.
补充NAD+中间体显示出预防和治疗效果
Supplementing these NAD+ intermediates has shown preventive and therapeutic effects, ameliorating age-associated pathophysiologies and disease conditions.
补充NAD+中间体显示出预防和治疗效果，改善年龄相关的病理和疾病状况。
——Shin-ichiro Imai （华盛顿大学医学院）
Yoshino J, Baur J A, Imai S. NAD+ intermediates: the biology and therapeutic potential of NMN and NR[J]. Cell metabolism, 2018, 27(3): 513-528.
补充NAD+中间体显示出预防和治疗效果，改善年龄相关的病理和疾病状况。
——Shin-ichiro Imai （华盛顿大学医学院）
Yoshino J, Baur J A, Imai S. NAD+ intermediates: the biology and therapeutic potential of NMN and NR[J]. Cell metabolism, 2018, 27(3): 513-528.
NMN有效缓解小鼠年龄相关的生理衰退
NMN effectively mitigates age-associated physiological decline in mice. Without any obvious toxicity or deleterious effects, NMN suppressed age-associated body weight gain, enhanced energy metabolism, promoted physical activity, improved insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid profile, and ameliorated eye function and other pathophysiologies.
NMN有效缓解小鼠年龄相关的生理衰退。没有明显毒性或副作用，NMN抑制了与年龄相关的体重增加，增强了能量代谢，促进了身体活动，改善了胰岛素敏感性和血脂水平，改善了眼睛功能和其他病理生理。
——Shin-ichiro Imai （华盛顿大学医学院）
Mills K F, Yoshida S, Stein L R, et al. Long-term administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide mitigates age-associated physiological decline in mice[J]. Cell metabolism, 2016, 24(6): 795-806.
NMN有效缓解小鼠年龄相关的生理衰退。没有明显毒性或副作用，NMN抑制了与年龄相关的体重增加，增强了能量代谢，促进了身体活动，改善了胰岛素敏感性和血脂水平，改善了眼睛功能和其他病理生理。
——Shin-ichiro Imai （华盛顿大学医学院）
Mills K F, Yoshida S, Stein L R, et al. Long-term administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide mitigates age-associated physiological decline in mice[J]. Cell metabolism, 2016, 24(6): 795-806.
NAD水平随着年龄或疾病在多个组织中下降
NAD levels decline in multiple tissues with age or in disease. Frederick et al. Show that impaired intramuscular NAD synthesis compromises skeletal muscle mass and strength over time but can be quickly restored with an oral NAD precursor. .
NAD水平随着年龄或疾病在多个组织中下降。Frederick等人表明肌肉内受损的NAD合成随着时间的推移会损害骨骼肌的质量和力量，但口服NAD前体可以迅速恢复。
——Joseph A. Baur（宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔曼医学院）
Frederick D W, Loro E, Liu L, et al. Loss of NAD homeostasis leads to progressive and reversible degeneration of skeletal muscle[J]. Cell metabolism, 2016, 24(2): 269-282.
NAD水平随着年龄或疾病在多个组织中下降。Frederick等人表明肌肉内受损的NAD合成随着时间的推移会损害骨骼肌的质量和力量，但口服NAD前体可以迅速恢复。
——Joseph A. Baur（宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔曼医学院）
Frederick D W, Loro E, Liu L, et al. Loss of NAD homeostasis leads to progressive and reversible degeneration of skeletal muscle[J]. Cell metabolism, 2016, 24(2): 269-282.
通过补充NAD+中间体来恢复NAD+水平可以显著改善与年龄相关的功能缺陷
Restoring NAD+ by supplementing NAD+ intermediates can dramatically ameliorate these age-associated functional defects, counteracting many diseases of aging, including neurodegenerative diseases. .
通过补充NAD+中间体来恢复NAD+水平可以显著改善这些与年龄相关的功能缺陷，对抗许多衰老引起的疾病，包括神经退行性疾病。
——Shin-ichiro Imai （华盛顿大学医学院）
Imai S, Guarente L. NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease[J]. Trends in cell biology, 2014, 24(8): 464-471.
通过补充NAD+中间体来恢复NAD+水平可以显著改善这些与年龄相关的功能缺陷，对抗许多衰老引起的疾病，包括神经退行性疾病。
——Shin-ichiro Imai （华盛顿大学医学院）
Imai S, Guarente L. NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease[J]. Trends in cell biology, 2014, 24(8): 464-471.
大量研究结果表明NAD+能增强视网膜代谢并改善视力
The results of numerous studies suggest that NAD+ intermediates or small molecules that modulate sirtuin function could enhance retinal metabolism, reduce photoreceptor death, and improve vision.
大量研究结果表明NAD+中间体或者调节sirtuin功能的小分子能增强视网膜代谢，减少光感受器死亡并改善视力。
——Rajendra S. Apte （华盛顿大学医学院）
Lin J B, Apte R S. NAD+ and sirtuins in retinal degenerative diseases: A look at future therapies[J]. Progress in retinal and eye research, 2018, 67: 118-129.
大量研究结果表明NAD+中间体或者调节sirtuin功能的小分子能增强视网膜代谢，减少光感受器死亡并改善视力。
——Rajendra S. Apte （华盛顿大学医学院）
Lin J B, Apte R S. NAD+ and sirtuins in retinal degenerative diseases: A look at future therapies[J]. Progress in retinal and eye research, 2018, 67: 118-129.
NMN可能是一种治疗由于母体或者断奶后营养过剩引起的代谢疾病的治疗方法
Overall this finding suggests short term administration of NMN could be a therapeutic approach for treating metabolic disease due to maternal and post weaning over-nutrition, even in late adulthood.
总的来说这些发现表明短期给NMN可能是一种治疗由于母体或者断奶后营养过剩引起的代谢疾病的治疗方法，即使是在晚年（使用NMN）。
——Margaret J. Morris （悉尼大学医学院）
Uddin G M, Youngson N A, Chowdhury S S, et al. Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Reduces Metabolic Impairment in Male Mouse Offspring from Obese Mothers[J]. Cells, 2020, 9(4): 791.
总的来说这些发现表明短期给NMN可能是一种治疗由于母体或者断奶后营养过剩引起的代谢疾病的治疗方法，即使是在晚年（使用NMN）。
——Margaret J. Morris （悉尼大学医学院）
Uddin G M, Youngson N A, Chowdhury S S, et al. Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Reduces Metabolic Impairment in Male Mouse Offspring from Obese Mothers[J]. Cells, 2020, 9(4): 791.
NMN增加大脑NAD+，激活SIRT1通路阻止神经元减少，并保护糖尿病大鼠的认知能力。
Our results indicate that NMN increased brain NAD+, activated the SIRT1 pathway, preserved mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) function, prevented neuronal loss, and preserved cognition in Diabetic rats.
我们的结果表明NMN增加大脑NAD+，激活SIRT1通路，保护线粒体氧化磷酸化功能，阻止神经元减少，并保护糖尿病大鼠的认知能力。
——James William Russell （马里兰大学医学院）
Chandrasekaran K, Choi J, Arvas M I, et al. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Prevents Experimental Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Loss of Hippocampal Neurons[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020, 21(11): 3756.
我们的结果表明NMN增加大脑NAD+，激活SIRT1通路，保护线粒体氧化磷酸化功能，阻止神经元减少，并保护糖尿病大鼠的认知能力。
——James William Russell （马里兰大学医学院）
Chandrasekaran K, Choi J, Arvas M I, et al. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Administration Prevents Experimental Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Loss of Hippocampal Neurons[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020, 21(11): 3756.
NMN增强肝脏胰岛素敏感性并恢复氧化应激、炎症响应和昼夜节律相关的基因表达
Strikingly, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a product of the NAMPT reaction and a key NAD+ intermediate, ameliorates glucose intolerance by restoring NAD+ levels in HFD-induced T2D mice. NMN also enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity and restores gene expression related to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and circadian rhythm, partly through SIRT1 activation.
引人注意的是，NMN，NAMPT反应的产物和NAD+关键中间体，在高脂肪饮食引起的2型糖尿病小鼠中通过恢复NAD+水平改善葡萄糖不耐受。NMN也增强肝脏胰岛素敏感性并恢复氧化应激、炎症响应和昼夜节律相关的基因表达，部分是经过SIRT1激活。
——Shin-ichiro Imai（华盛顿大学医学院）
Yoshino J, Mills K F, Yoon M J, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a key NAD+ intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet-and age-induced diabetes in mice[J]. Cell metabolism, 2011, 14(4): 528-536.
引人注意的是，NMN，NAMPT反应的产物和NAD+关键中间体，在高脂肪饮食引起的2型糖尿病小鼠中通过恢复NAD+水平改善葡萄糖不耐受。NMN也增强肝脏胰岛素敏感性并恢复氧化应激、炎症响应和昼夜节律相关的基因表达，部分是经过SIRT1激活。
——Shin-ichiro Imai（华盛顿大学医学院）
Yoshino J, Mills K F, Yoon M J, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a key NAD+ intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet-and age-induced diabetes in mice[J]. Cell metabolism, 2011, 14(4): 528-536.
NMN可以逆转高脂饮食的一些负面后果
We have shown that the NAD+ precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) can reverse some of the negative consequences of high fat diet (HFD) consumption. NMN appeared to have stronger effects on liver fat catabolism (Hadh) and synthesis (Fasn) than exercise.
NAD+前体，烟酰胺单核苷酸（NMN）可以逆转高脂饮食（HFD）的一些负面后果。NMN在肝脏脂肪分解代谢（Hadh）和合成（Fasn）上似乎比运动具有更强的效果。
——David A. Sinclair （哈佛大学医学院）
Uddin Golam Mezbah,Youngson Neil A,Doyle Bronte M et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation ameliorates the impact of maternal obesity in mice: comparison with exercise.[J] .Sci Rep, 2017, 7: 15063.
NAD+前体，烟酰胺单核苷酸（NMN）可以逆转高脂饮食（HFD）的一些负面后果。NMN在肝脏脂肪分解代谢（Hadh）和合成（Fasn）上似乎比运动具有更强的效果。
——David A. Sinclair （哈佛大学医学院）
Uddin Golam Mezbah,Youngson Neil A,Doyle Bronte M et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation ameliorates the impact of maternal obesity in mice: comparison with exercise.[J] .Sci Rep, 2017, 7: 15063.
NMN治疗对神经血管功能的保护作用
The transcriptional footprint of NMN treatment indicates that increased NAD+ levels promote SIRT1 activation in the neurovascular unit. In conclusion, the recently demonstrated protective effects of NMN treatment on neurovascular function can be attributed to multifaceted sirtuin-mediated anti-aging changes in the neurovascular transcriptome.
NMN治疗的转录印迹表明，增加的NAD +水平可促进神经血管单元中SIRT1的激活。总之，最近证明的NMN治疗对神经血管功能的保护作用可归因于神经血管转录组中多方面的sirtuin介导的抗衰老变化。
——Zoltan Ungvari（俄克拉何马大学健康科学中心）
Kiss T, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Balasubramanian P, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation promotes neurovascular rejuvenation in aged mice: transcriptional footprint of SIRT1 activation, mitochondrial protection, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects[J]. GeroScience, 2020: 1-20.
NMN治疗的转录印迹表明，增加的NAD +水平可促进神经血管单元中SIRT1的激活。总之，最近证明的NMN治疗对神经血管功能的保护作用可归因于神经血管转录组中多方面的sirtuin介导的抗衰老变化。
——Zoltan Ungvari（俄克拉何马大学健康科学中心）
Kiss T, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Balasubramanian P, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation promotes neurovascular rejuvenation in aged mice: transcriptional footprint of SIRT1 activation, mitochondrial protection, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects[J]. GeroScience, 2020: 1-20.
NAD +给药可能是减少脑缺血和其他PARP-1相关神经系统疾病引发的脑损伤的新策略
NAD+ administration may be a novel strategy for decreasing brain damage in cerebral ischemia and possibly other PARP-1-associated neurological diseases.
NAD +给药可能是减少脑缺血和其他PARP-1相关神经系统疾病引发的脑损伤的新策略。
——Weihai Ying（加州大学旧金山分校）
Ying W, Wei G, Wang D, et al. Intranasal administration with NAD+ profoundly decreases brain injury in a rat model of transient focal ischemia[J]. Front Biosci, 2007, 12: 2728-2734.
NAD +给药可能是减少脑缺血和其他PARP-1相关神经系统疾病引发的脑损伤的新策略。
——Weihai Ying（加州大学旧金山分校）
Ying W, Wei G, Wang D, et al. Intranasal administration with NAD+ profoundly decreases brain injury in a rat model of transient focal ischemia[J]. Front Biosci, 2007, 12: 2728-2734.
增加NMN水平的治疗策略可以有效地治疗抑郁症
These results provide evidence for the beneficial role of NMN in energy production and suggest that therapeutic strategies that increase the level of NMN can be an effective treatment for depression.
这些结果为NMN在能量产生中的有益作用提供了证据，并表明增加NMN水平的治疗策略可以有效地治疗抑郁症。
——Zezhi Li（浙江工业大学）
Xie X, Yu C, Zhou J, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates the depression-like behaviors and is associated with attenuating the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics in depressed mice[J]. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2020, 263: 166-174.
这些结果为NMN在能量产生中的有益作用提供了证据，并表明增加NMN水平的治疗策略可以有效地治疗抑郁症。
——Zezhi Li（浙江工业大学）
Xie X, Yu C, Zhou J, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates the depression-like behaviors and is associated with attenuating the disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics in depressed mice[J]. Journal of Affective Disorders, 2020, 263: 166-174.
NMN至少是通过抑制JNK激活，显著减少多种与老年痴呆症相关的病理特征
It was suggested that NMN substantially decreases multiple ADassociated pathological characteristically at least partially by the inhibition of JNK activation.
这表明NMN至少是通过抑制JNK激活，显著减少多种与老年痴呆症相关的病理特征。
——Peng Jia（同济大学医学院）
Yao Z, Yang W, Gao Z, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide inhibits JNK activation to reverse Alzheimer disease[J]. Neuroscience letters, 2017, 647: 133-140.
这表明NMN至少是通过抑制JNK激活，显著减少多种与老年痴呆症相关的病理特征。
——Peng Jia（同济大学医学院）
Yao Z, Yang W, Gao Z, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide inhibits JNK activation to reverse Alzheimer disease[J]. Neuroscience letters, 2017, 647: 133-140.
建议在临床前和临床研究中都应考虑NAD+增强剂的促血管生成作用
We recommend that pro-angiogenic effects of NAD+ boosters should be considered in both
preclinical and clinical studies.
我们建议在临床前和临床研究中都应考虑NAD+增强剂的促血管生成作用。
——Zoltan Ungvari（俄克拉荷马大学健康科学中心）
Kiss T, Balasubramanian P, Valcarcel-Ares M N, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment attenuates oxidative stress and rescues angiogenic capacity in aged cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells: a potential mechanism for the prevention of vascular cognitive impairment[J]. GeroScience, 2019, 41(5): 619-630.
我们建议在临床前和临床研究中都应考虑NAD+增强剂的促血管生成作用。
——Zoltan Ungvari（俄克拉荷马大学健康科学中心）
Kiss T, Balasubramanian P, Valcarcel-Ares M N, et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment attenuates oxidative stress and rescues angiogenic capacity in aged cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells: a potential mechanism for the prevention of vascular cognitive impairment[J]. GeroScience, 2019, 41(5): 619-630.
充NAD +已显示出恢复健康新陈代谢和生理功能的治疗潜力
NAD+ depletion is emerging as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of cardiac and renal diseases and NAD+ repletion strategies have shown therapeutic potential as a means to restore healthy metabolism and physiological function.
NAD +耗竭正在成为心脏和肾脏疾病发病机制的主要原因，并且补充NAD +已显示出恢复健康新陈代谢和生理功能的治疗潜力。
——Matthew D. Hirschey（杜克大学）
Hershberger K A, Martin A S, Hirschey M D. Role of NAD+ and mitochondrial sirtuins in cardiac and renal diseases[J]. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 2017, 13(4): 213-225.
NAD +耗竭正在成为心脏和肾脏疾病发病机制的主要原因，并且补充NAD +已显示出恢复健康新陈代谢和生理功能的治疗潜力。
——Matthew D. Hirschey（杜克大学）
Hershberger K A, Martin A S, Hirschey M D. Role of NAD+ and mitochondrial sirtuins in cardiac and renal diseases[J]. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 2017, 13(4): 213-225.
通过NMN可能有助于精确治疗患有急性肾损伤的老年病人
Manipulation of SIRT1 activity by NMN seems to be a potential pharmaceutical intervention for AKI that could contribute to the precise treatment of aged patients with AKI.
通过NMN操纵SIRT1活性似乎是对于急性肾损伤的一种潜在药理学干预，可能有助于精确治疗患有急性肾损伤的老年病人。
—— Chuan-Ming Hao（复旦大学）
Guan Y, Wang S R, Huang X Z, et al. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, an NAD+ Precursor, Rescues Age-Associated Susceptibility to AKI in a Sirtuin 1–Dependent Manner[J]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2017, 28(8): 2337-2352.
通过NMN操纵SIRT1活性似乎是对于急性肾损伤的一种潜在药理学干预，可能有助于精确治疗患有急性肾损伤的老年病人。
—— Chuan-Ming Hao（复旦大学）
Guan Y, Wang S R, Huang X Z, et al. Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, an NAD+ Precursor, Rescues Age-Associated Susceptibility to AKI in a Sirtuin 1–Dependent Manner[J]. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2017, 28(8): 2337-2352.
NMN疗法可以恢复老年动物的卵母细胞质量，从而导致生育力恢复
We show that this loss of oocyte quality with age accompanies declining levels of the prominent metabolic cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Treatment with the NAD+ metabolic precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) rejuvenates oocyte quality in aged animals, leading to restoration in fertility.
我们证明这种随者年龄卵母细胞质量的下降与最主要代谢辅因子烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD +）的水平下降有关。NAD +前体烟酰胺单核苷酸（NMN）疗法可以恢复老年动物的卵母细胞质量，从而导致生育力恢复。
——Lindsay E. Wu （新南威尔士大学医学院）
Bertoldo M J, Listijono D R, Ho W H J, et al. NAD+ repletion rescues female fertility during reproductive aging[J]. Cell reports, 2020, 30(6): 1670-1681. e7.
我们证明这种随者年龄卵母细胞质量的下降与最主要代谢辅因子烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD +）的水平下降有关。NAD +前体烟酰胺单核苷酸（NMN）疗法可以恢复老年动物的卵母细胞质量，从而导致生育力恢复。
——Lindsay E. Wu （新南威尔士大学医学院）
Bertoldo M J, Listijono D R, Ho W H J, et al. NAD+ repletion rescues female fertility during reproductive aging[J]. Cell reports, 2020, 30(6): 1670-1681. e7.